Read all confirmed presentation abstracts for the conference.
Please note that all abstracts are printed as submitted. Any errors, typographical or otherwise, are the authors’.
Cosmic Vision: The Fine Line of Looking
James Callow, Tamkang University, TaiwanAn installation by the German art-tech collective, RobotLab, features an industrial robotic arm reproducing on a vast canvas, a digital photograph taken by a NASA rover from the surface of Mars. The arm is programed to render a fine, unbroken line in black ink. Working continuously, the process takes several weeks to produce its photo-realistic monochrome image, translated from a viewing position dislocated from any embodied human eye. The transition, from captured digital data to aesthetic ‘landscape’ is an entirely technical one. Human intervention occurs in the algorithmic code rather than any conventional ‘artistic’ practice, with no direct bearing on the result. Cosmological image-making, such as False Color Images, have long been a matter of transitioning the technical into the aesthetic, rendering data into images that conform to human sensory comprehension and thereby, human aesthetic history. In line with the conference themes, this paper reflects on RobotLab’s image and the question of ‘landscape’ as a relationship between terrestrial space and visual embodiment and of western traditions of the observer, and speculates – after recent critique by the sinologist, Francois Jullien – on what the Chinese concept of ‘landscape’ painting might offer in relation to the separation of the human observer from the scene as humankind remotely gathers increasingly detailed images of the cosmos and its planetary surfaces.
Content Analysis of the Forum Theater Play Melanie on HIV/AIDS Stigma
Kathryna Marie Lopez, University of the Philippines Los Baños, PhilippinesAldo Gavril Lim, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Philippines
The study aimed to determine how the forum theater play Melanie portrayed HIV/AIDS stigma, specifically: 1) count occurrences of HIV/AIDS stigma based on three conceptual frameworks on stigmatization; 2) analyze how the theatrical codes identified by Kowzan (1975; as cited by Segre, 1980) are related to the portrayal of HIV/AIDS stigma; and 3) identify the HIV/AIDS themes that surfaced from the open forum.
The play was analyzed through quantitative content analysis. Guided by a codebook, it was studied by watching the recorded performance and reading the script. Reliability results were observed with values ranging from slight to moderate and one poor rating.
A total of 68 scenes were studied and only self-stigma, stereotyping, and producing, legitimizing, and perpetuating social inequality had scenes unanimously identified.
Out of the five theatrical codes, only spoken text and actor’s external aspect were constantly coded in all scenes featuring HIV/AIDS stigma.
Meanwhile, HIV/AIDS testing, HIV/AIDS treatment, and HIV/AIDS prevention and risk reduction were the three most frequently discussed themes during the open forum. Most of which were surfaced from the answers of the cast.
In conclusion, Melanie portrayed HIV/AIDS stigma predominantly through depictions of self-stigma wherein characters insist that they are HIV/AIDS-negative.
Future researchers are suggested to improve coding instructions and the indicators for each type of stigma. It is also suggested that other local plays on HIV/AIDS be studied and a comparative study be done to analyze how HIV/AIDS was tackled in the performance or through the types of stigma presented in this study.
‘Space as a Sign System’: Exploring Lexical Semantics in Relation to Cultural Geography – A Case Study of Ursula K. Le Guin’s ‘Buffalo Gals, Won’t You Come Out Tonight’
Anupa Lewis, Manipal Institute of Communication, IndiaThe research paper attempts to examine as to how the idea of ‘space’ when regarded as a literary construct, may be ideally mapped in a given text: first in terms of the literal and obvious elemental descriptions of ‘cartographic geography’ available to a casual reader-aka-somnambulist at a cursory glance; and second, in terms of its logical extension to the abstraction of ‘cultural geography’ that can only be revealed by one consciously mining a labyrinth of lexical structures. The resultant contention is, the dynamics of ‘space’ in a stipulated context can be studied as a comprehensive ‘sign system’, devoid of extrinsic support. Stemming from this line of enquiry, the proposition is to establish the theoretical connection between ‘Lexical Semantics’ and ‘Cultural Geography’ using Ursula K. Le Guin’s ethnographic fiction as a potential case study. While Cultural Geography correlates the natural environment with the human organization of space, its conceptual base branches into three discursive figments: ‘traditional’ cultural geography (where signs for intervention in the natural landscape are studied – e.g. buildings, dams, technology), ‘new’ cultural geography (where signs for non-material culture are studied – e.g. identity, power, ideology), and ‘more-than-representational’ geographies (where signs expand unto the enactment or performance of the more-than-human, more-than-textual aspects)(Lorimer, 2005). Similarly, Lexical Semantics as an approach to reading a text seeks to assign meanings to words, phrases, expressions or idioms by emphasizing the lush nexus of semantic relations in a predatory lexical environment.
Evolution of Narcissistic Narration
Anjuli Thawait, Jagran Lakecity University, IndiaThe study is done to show how the fictional world is influenced by the character’s "Narcissism" and whether it keeps the inner narcissist in check or if it can turn an otherwise a good and positive character into a narcissist independent of the kind of civilization the character is a part of. For the study to proceed, a book comparison is made with the narcissistic characters in mind, "The Picture of Dorian Gray" by Oscar Wilde, published in 1890, and the second is "White Oleander" by Janet Fitch, published in 1999. These two novels are about a century apart; they portray not only the personality disorder in the characters but also a deep-rooted, malignant form of human demeanor which not only lacks empathy but takes pride in derogating the ones closest to them, the mentality of pretense, the billboard show is all these characters are cheering for, the question arises about their genre aspect as to why they were not given a psychological angle or was it after the discovery of the personality trait with the development of abnormal psychology that their dialogue patterns were conclusive. The subconscious deconstruction of these characters in this research digs deep within to exhibit the masks that they are wearing, and what they are when each of it falls off steadily. A brief study is carried out in this direction to contribute to the narration technique of "Narcissism of Characters", which also aligns with the parameters of "Psychological Fiction".
Nationalism and Music Education: A Comparative Study on Music Teachers’ Perspectives in China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan
Wai-Chung Ho, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong KongThis study focused on data from survey questionnaires (204 from China, 313 from Hong Kong, and 121 from Taiwan) collected from pre-service and in-service music teachers between Winter 2017 and Spring 2019. This paper will examine the dynamics of relationships between the state, nationalism, and teacher education in the context of nationalism in school music education. Two major questions were explored in this study in response to the changing societies of China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan: (1) how do teachers respond to musical learning related to nationalistic education; and (2) how do they react to the singing of patriotic songs in school education? The findings showed that teachers from China and Hong Kong agreed that the top type of music that inspired a sense of national consciousness among students was traditional Chinese music, while most Taiwanese teachers opted for Taiwanese local music. Teachers from China maintained the highest responding rate to their interest in teaching patriotic songs in school music education. However data from the one-way ANOVA showed that there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in rating teachers’ interest in teaching patriotic music between the teaching years of five categories (i.e., 1–3 years, 4–6 years, 7–10 years, 11–15 years, and 15 or above years) in China, in Hong Kong, and in Taiwan. In the development of nationalism and music education, the findings of this study showed the extent of the teachers’ support of values-based preferences for music types taught in music lessons, and their attitude towards nationalistic education.
No Hands, No Feet: Power in the Art Vision of Bahman Mohasses
Parnaz Goodarzparvari, Universitat Politècnica de València, SpainFrancisco Carlos Bueno Camejo, University of Valencia, Spain
Miguel Molina Alarcon, Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain
As one of the most famous contemporary Persian sculptors, two subjects are important in the work of Bahman Mohasses: the physical aspect and the treatment of the object based on the growth, decay, and dissolution of the body, as well as the power of isolation or loneliness. In the works of Mohassess, the issue of authority in terms of power and preservation, overcoming others and domination of peripheral conditions is posed. This dominance ultimately leads to isolation and staying alone. People are great, with huge muscles and physics are complex but at the same time they are empty from the inside. In appearance, we have a terrible authority, and this apparent character, seen in humans, birds and fish, lacks real power. They can only impose themselves and the audience. This unscrupulous power is both frightening for the audience and for the person, like a gun. Investigation of the evolution of his life shows that the main reason for the attitude to the phenomenon of power is to face this concept from a young age. He takes the lead in defying the power of government and the power of public opinion. But it has not benefited from it, so it is walking with disappointment towards its opposite. There is no achievement there, and so they are both worried. Therefore, his works have a colorful sociological attitude. This power is manifested in various forms in the work of the Mohasses: in the context of gender, conflict and opposition, confrontation, isolation and re-integration.
Possibilian Landscapes: An Exploration on Afterlife Dimensions
Mariah Concepcion, De La Salle - College of Saint Benilde, PhilippinesThe normality of death has dissolved in the context of society through the passage of time. Death has been celebrated before in the past as a part of life. In the contemporary era, death is being revisited with a heightened social awareness wherein it is explored in different facets of interdisciplinary studies, ranging from technological to cultural studies. Because of this phenomenon eventually people will begin to ask: What comes after death? The afterlife is a realm of uncertainty and of possibilities. Different academic fields such as neurology, psychology, psychiatry, philosophy and the like extensively deconstruct, and in their own ways, define the realm of the afterlife. Its ambiguous yet mysterious nature provides us with the opportunity to further explore intangible and unmappable landscapes that are beyond human comprehension. Possibilian Landscapes imagines the idea of the afterlife through David Eagleman’s book on his philosophy on Possibilianism, Sum: Forty Tales from the Afterlives. It explores the possibilities of afterlife dimensions as a means of creating new spatial translations in architecture, which would eventually lead to the expounding of the discourse of the relationship between architecture and reality. In this book, she selected stories that possess strong cues in spatial visualization, with each story having different spatial notions that the author would like to probe, provoke and explore. The author questions reality through architecture using the afterlife as a platform, adapting and exploiting the energy of the contemporary wave of the afterlife as it sweeps today’s society.
Investigating the Digital Sublime through Photographers’ Views of Reality: A Case Study of Jessica Labatte’s Spotting Project
Yi-hui Huang, East Stroudsburg University of Pennsylvania, United StatesThe digital sublime refers to digital-composite photographs that present “the existence of something unpresentable” (Lyotard, cited in Linn, 1996, p. 97) and that render a matchless look – a sophisticated fabrication, a perfect and clean composition, a maximum color saturation, a multiple-point perspective, and stunning or new-fangled content (Foster et al., 2004; Lipkin, 2005; Marien, 2002; Ohlin, 2002). Dissatisfied with the representation of the outer world that can be easily accomplished by pressing a single shutter button, photographers who painstakingly synthesize images together to create the digital sublime seem to be compelled to create personal versions of the world, which may be closer to the beliefs through which they interpret and interact with the world. To gain a better understanding of these photographers’ digital sublime photographs, I propose that we investigate the artist’s views of reality by asking, “What is your definition of reality?” and “How do you visualize your reality in your digital composite?” This paper cites contemporary photographer Jessica Labatte’s project Spotting as an example. From the analysis of Labatte’s views of reality, the “unpresentable” substance that Labatte’s photographs try to present reflects human’s intangible perceptions and experiences, specifically the discrepancy between one’s perception of the primary and secondary quality of an object as outlined by British empiricist philosopher John Locke. This paper has a conclusion that Labatte’s sublime photographs provide viewers with realist knowledge. This study has implications for how digital sublime photographs can be studied and taught.
Nature in Ikebana (Japanese Flower Arrangement): Beyond Sustainability
Shoso Shimbo, RMIT University, AustraliaA Blended Learning Model for Public Senior High Schools in the Division of Laguna
Ma. Cecilia G. Adefuin, Department of Education-Laguna, PhilippinesNeil P. Balba, Lyceum of the Philippines-Laguna, Philippines
This study aimed to design a blended learning model for public senior high schools in the division of Laguna. A descriptive-quantitative research design was considered in the study and utilized the neo-positivism for objectivity and neutrality of the research process. A survey using Mercado’s eLearning readiness assessment tool and eLearning System Readiness Assessment(ELSRA) based on Mckinsey’s 7S were used to collect data from respondents. Pearson r correlation test, percentage, mean, and frequency count were used for analysis. Results showed that the technical specification of eClassroom provided by DepEd Computerization Program satisfied the IT infrastructure standards for eLearning system. The proposed project team was identified with their roles and qualifications to manage the implementation of blended learning. The assessment of student’s eLearning readiness has a computed mean value of 52.17% for technology access, 56.37% for technology skills, and student's attitude towards eLearning was evaluated “Almost Ready”. The assessment of teacher’s eLearning readiness has a computed mean value of 83.86% for technology access, 87.74% for technology skills, and teacher's attitude towards eLearning was evaluated “Almost Ready” for abilities, motivation and time management; and “Completely Ready” for teaching styles and strategies. The schools revealed that 93.33% were ready for administrative support and 83.66% for resource support to eLearning system. The division management officials agreed (68.34%) to the identified 7S that support eLearning implementation. The designed Adefuin&Balba Blended Learning Model is composed of Technology, People, and Process phases supported by K-12 SHS curriculum with continuous improvement process through Monitoring and Evaluation. It is recommended to implement blended learning using the designed model in public senior high schools in the division of Laguna.
Space and Politics of Sukarno’s Utopian Vision Exhibition in Gedung Pola, Jakarta, Indonesia
Amy Marku, Saint Petersburg State University of Culture and Arts, RussiaKemas Ridwan Kurniawan, University of Indonesia, Indonesia
M. Nanda Widyarta, University of Indonesia, Indonesia
Gedung Pola not only functions as an exhibition room built specifically to exhibit Sukarno’s Utopian vision on architecture and city planning but also it has become a place to exhibit his political strategy on Nationalism and Modernism. The building serves as a representative political space for Sukarno’s ideal propaganda for Jakarta citizens in particular and all Indonesian citizens in general. This paper elaborates on how an exhibition not only was used as a representative visual medium but also how it has become a political strategy. Sukarno’s ideology could be understood by reciting his archives as evidence, which will be interpreted through a hermeneutical approach to view an architecture artefact as a historical phenomenon. In reciting these archives, leftover traces will be interpreted phenomenologically, as a way to address the existence of political space in Gedung Pola and also to reveal how an exhibition can be a strategy for political space.
Keroncong Music and Social Identity in Surakarta, Indonesia
Santosa Soewarlan, Indonesia Institute of the Arts, IndonesiaThis article aims at exploring how keroncong (folk music) musicians construct identity in community contexts. Performing music is not free from contexts rather it authorizes their position and role in that society. Being on stage they want to confirm statuses and validate world-views in public. They intend to present ideals and thoughts in larger settings. With that process, they strengthen meanings and legitimize organic structure of the community. They interact and negotiate thoughts resulting in the formation of identity among the musicians. Leading to the construction of identity musicians formulate a social group guided by three social categories: individuality, originality, and adaptability. In the implementation of individuality musicians forge social cohesion as a social group. In that process this category is intensified by originality in which the second enhances the quality of the first. Finally, the musicians empower these categories by contextualizing their adaptability in performance settings. These processes synthesize elements of social categories that eventually lead to specific musicians’ identity.
Contested Citizenship in South Korea: Re-nationalisation, Populism and Democracy in the Case of Yemeni Refugee Crisis
Yong-Jun Park, University of Cambridge, United KingdomOver the past few decades, particularly after what Samuel Huntington named the ‘third wave’ of democratisation from the early 1970s, it is clear that world politics has changed dramatically. Among one of the several nation-states to ride the third wave of democracy, Korea is arguably one of the most successful cases of robust democratic transition. However, in contrast to their economic vitality and competitiveness, Korean society has been plagued with various illiberal norms, practices, and powers that repeatedly tend to compromise or distort citizens’ legitimate rights and political status to the service of oligarchic political interests. Can a particular kind of citizenship education counter the anti-democratic moves such as populism, nationalism, and authoritarianism with which many contemporary political accounts of the surge of political right tend to conflate?
At a historical moment when the prospects of democracy have been challenged by various counter-movements (i.e. re-nationalising trends or populist uprising), it may be valuable to examine the citizenship education as a part of democracy’s sources of strength. This study aims to investigate how citizenship is intertwined with democratic development and social change by posing timely questions about how Korean young people perceive, navigate and negotiate contesting narratives of citizenship as part of their experiences of living, belonging and participating as citizens. By investigating the stratified subcultural articulations of citizenship expressed by Korean youth, this research seeks to develop a more nuanced and integrated understanding of the ways in which citizenship is conceived and exercised by youth beyond its formal legal status.
Pedagogical Practices for the Appropriation and Activation of Transgenerational Knowledge in Art and Design
Cláudia Lima, Universidade Lusófona do Porto, PortugalHeitor Alvelos, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
Susana Barreto, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
Eliana Penedos-Santiago, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
Nuno Martins, IPCA/ID+, Portugal
Rui Santos, ID+/FBAUP, Portugal
Pedro Amado, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
The paper reports on a set of pedagogical practices aiming at bridging knowledge and experience between older generations of artists and current art students. The project began with a study of pedagogical practices of the School of Fine Arts of Porto (ESBAP), during the 1960s and 1970s, a remarkable period in ESBAP for its pedagogical approaches and faculty dynamics. This study was performed through interviews carried out to 31 artists who attended ESBAP in this period. Based on the best practices reported, three workshops were held in three art and design institutions. All workshop sessions were free with no basic requirements except for the commitment of the students; proximity between faculty and students was encouraged, dissipating notions of hierarchy in favor of a collaborative work; a studio-like environment was created to foster greater sharing of ideas. Students were gathered in groups of 10 to 16 elements of different profiles and backgrounds. Their projects were based on the prior interviews with artists and the study of their artworks. Results were positive: part of the students did not know these Portuguese artists, hence the workshops contributed to their education in local art history, as well as a first step towards an inscription of these artists into the curricular repertoire; students benefited from sharing experiences between peers with different backgrounds. The outcomes of the workshops are now the source of a series of ongoing public exhibitions, both amplifying the resonance of the content among cultural and academic contexts, and potentiating further inter-generational dynamics.
Without Dictionaries: Translating Indigenous Oral Literature From Greece
Peter Constantine, University of Connecticut, United StatesThe field of Translation Studies tends to overlook the extensive indigenous linguistic diversity of Europe and the particular issues that translators of marginalized and endangered languages face. The European Centre for Modern Languages counts 225 indigenous local languages spoken in Europe, most of which are at risk of falling out of use. In Greece alone there are several critically endangered indigenous languages, among them Arvanitika, Pomakika, Vlach, Ndopye, Nashte, and Tsakonika. In my oral presentation I would like to focus on Arvanitika, a severely endangered language spoken in remote areas of central and southern Greece, and discuss some of the challenges of translating its oral literature. Arvanitika is moribund; it will be extinct within a generation or two, and Greece will lose an important part of its fragile linguistic ecosystem, leaving a monoculture of Greek. My uncle Georgios Soukoulis, one of the last fluent speakers in our village in the Corinthian mountains, invented a writing system based on Greek letters in order to capture our oral history for future generations and to record our legends and poetry. His aim was to create a first (and unfortunately last) extensive document of our local language so that its words and culture will be preserved, and over the past fifteen years I have made the only sustained sound recordings of our language. In my presentation I will outline the challenges of being both a translator and language conservationist working in an under-resourced dying language that has no official writing system, literature, or dictionaries.
Double Consciousness in British Asian Writing
Najma Yusufi, University of Brighton, United KingdomMy father’s work took us all over the world, then to a British boarding school. The result was a duality that ran through me; this was a sensibility that was very British but at the same time very Indian. This sensibility impacted the way I wrote my novel Begums of Peshawar (Hachette, 2018).
Focusing on the recent revival of critical interest in migration and belonging that, Sara Upstone has spoken of in her work. She comments “Rather than alienation, these novels are seen to offer self-assurance, dwelling rather than diaspora, and a new hybridity less about being “in-between” cultures and more about the fact that culture is now, in essence, "in-between" raises the question of whether such novels deserve their characterization as dynamic 21st-century departures.”
Monica Ali’s novel Brick Lane has characters that question their place in society. Kureshi too has dealt with the theme of belonging in his novel Buddha of Suburbia (1990) and so has Sahota in his book Year of the Runaways (2015). All three novelists come from a dual background. I address themes of double consciousness in their work.
I shed light on hybridity and belonging that the current Brexit climate has also bought about and how this impacts my second novel. Building on the work of other academics I suggest that British Asian authors have a double consciousness that informs their writing and enhances their storytelling throwing up questions of belonging.
Marriage Inequality: How Family Registry Systems Effect Marriage Equality Movements in Japan and Taiwan
Jonathan Gilleland, University of North Georgia, United StatesLGBTQ rights have progressed quickly in the 21st century. Much of this progress, however, has been in the global West. In 2019, Taiwan became the first country in Asia to recognize same-sex marriage, leaving behind, Japan, which has not yet moved to recognize same-sex marriage. Through a comparative political analysis, using case study methodology this study explores why Taiwan progressed toward marriage equality and Japan has yet to do so. This study explores how family registry systems have affected LGBTQ rights and the progression of marriage equality in two liberal democratic states in East Asia. This paper draws from the literature on the history, use, and current status of the koseki and huji. It also applies gender and queer theory to international relations. The Japanese koseki shaped the current system of marriage and families in Japan. In Taiwan, the island was forced to use a similar system that the inhabitants subverted or disregarded in an effort to delegitimize the Japanese government. This study hypothesizes that these systems, known as koseki in Japan and huji in Taiwan, are patriarchal, heteronormative, and discriminatory and hindered the fight for LGBTQ rights and marriage equality. In Japan, the koseki continues to discriminate against women, children born out of wedlock, and the LGBTQ community. In Taiwan, the system continues to be subverted by residents. As an emerging beacon for LGBTQ human rights in Asia, Taiwan, as a norm entrepreneur in Asia, has set an example for many other countries in the region to follow.
Glycoscience Augmented Reality Application Demonstrated with Merge Cube
Gwo-Long Lin, I-Shou University, TaiwanPopular science education of biomedical knowledge can be monotonous and beyond understanding, so it is necessary to involve fun elements and to harness the suitable demonstration tool to make it more approachable. Merge Cube, a cube-like object trending on the Internet, has an iconic design of pattern recognition which is suitable for augmented reality (AR) applications. This has built up Merge Cube’s popularity among schools and it has now been gradually included in popular science education for teenagers. Nowadays, application of augmented reality has been widely implemented in all sorts of fields besides popular science education, and it is often promoted via the Unity software due to the software’s easy-to-use and highly compatible feature. These sorts of application can be performed with the cameras in common mobile devices, making it convenient to be spread among the public. Also, when the virtual images are placed in a real-world environment, more interactions can be stimulated, resulting in dynamic changes throughout the process.
In the article, we will use Merge Cube as the platform and the Unity software as our tool to produce biomedical contents respectively and integrate them into large scale projects. By simply holding the Merge Cube in front of smartphones, users will be able to demonstrate all kinds of digital content to others. Our main demonstration content in the article will be focused on Glycoscience education and related 2D teasers, RPG games and 3D games etc., and we aim to bring users a brand-new experience in the augmented reality environment.
Theatre in Vietnam as Critique of the Environmental and Social Crisis
Anh Cao, Hanoi University, VietnamPaola Spinozzi, University of Ferrara, Italy
Halfway through the 2010s, Vietnam started to face major environmental and social problems in the race for globalization. Vietnamese people have experienced a growing sense of anxiety and discomfort about the state of economy and started to realize that their priorities may include responding to wider environmental issues. Since 2003 a special satirical comedy named Gặp nhau cuối năm, literally meaning Year-End Gathering, also known as Táo Quân, has aired on the Vietnamese television. The show is a re-writing of the legend of the Kitchen Gods, three imaginary figures who supervise and give an account of every household to the Jade Emperor, the ruler of the world. Featuring their annual report to the Emperor, the show praises the improvements and criticizing the problems throughout the year through satirical narratives and parodic songs. Very popular among viewers for its hilariousness, the show also urges reflection on the social and environmental crisis and occasional indifference of the Gods. Its success calls for a reevaluation of theatre as a form of art that stimulates social awareness by intersecting entertainment and critique. This paper explores how the theatre can encourage people to develop critical thinking and take responsibility. It also assesses the use of satire and parody in Gặp nhau cuối năm, its effectiveness as a form of social critique entwining global and local concerns, the ways in which the TV can shape public opinion in Vietnam, and the people’s response to unsettling topics involving micro and macro levels of comprehension.
Embracing Difference – The Demonstration of Regional Cultural Aesthetics in Design Elements of Olympics Posters
Yun Lin, Fu Jen Catholic University, TaiwanJiawei Jiang, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taiwan
Kaihsu Sun, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taiwan
This research is aimed at analyzing the development and formation of Olympics posters from 1896 to 2019, and studying the regional cultural difference in poster design features between western and eastern continents. The study concentrated on the content of both summer and winter Olympics posters, and the importance of visual communication along with visual tension and design features. The KJ method and the content analysis will be used in this study for primary methodologies, with the focus group interview the examination of content analysis for the poster samples can help finding the design features in common. This study refines the essentiality of the poster design development, and reclaim the vital heritage of tradition and glory during the past century, to get prepared for the future of visualization era. Researcher expects this investigation offers the details of cultural difference in design features and image, and brings out the inspiration of conception.
Interfaces of Knowledge: Digital Media as Mediator of the Contemporary Reactivation of Legacies
Nuno Martins, IPCA and ID+, PortugalEliana Penedos-Santiago, ID+ and University of Porto, Portugal
Susana Barreto, ID+ and University of Porto, Portugal
Heitor Alvelos, ID+ and University of Porto, Portugal
Cláudia Lima, ID+ and Universidade Lusófona, Portugal
This paper presents two studies developed within two funded research projects, intended to develop tools that support knowledge transfer between older and current generations of students and practitioners in art and design. The first study involves a digital archiving and educational platform designed to promote both practice and research in the field of the Portuguese manufacturing; it aims to support the preservation and longevity of national and cultural heritage of traditional industries and crafts, thus ensuring effective access to skills, techniques and artisanal knowledge among present and future generations. The second study concerns an interactive infographic aiming at synthesizing and unraveling complex information pertaining to individual legacies of retired teachers and researchers in art and design. In order to collect and record the testimonies of these informants, a total of 30 interviews with key protagonists were conducted. Once gathered, the information was extrapolated, analyzed and structured in order to foster pedagogical interfaces for primary use within educational environments. Both studies aim to ensure bridges of knowledge between distinct, non-communicationg generations. Through specific interfaces, the projects have outlined key contributions of digital media in the rescue and re-inscription of artistic and creative legacies among younger generations, fostering dissemination, replicability, and collaboration.
Tapestry as Community Art and Public Art
EunKyung Jeong, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, United StatesThis paper is a case study of a community tapestry-making project, a multi-year effort to plan, fund, design, construct, and exhibit a collaborative public art making project, The Tapestry Project, in Western Oklahoma. The study utilizes autoethnography and autobiography as research methodologies, which allowed me to reexamine and reflect using the photos, video, and personal documentation journals I collected as the project’s guiding artist, and coordinator, as well as a community activist. This case study also explores the suitability of tapestry as a medium for communal public art efforts. This paper shares the challenges, the successes, and the lessons learned in The Tapestry Project, such as suitability of tapestry as a medium for public art, the involvement of community members and volunteer groups, roles of an administrator and a professional artist in a multi-year collaborative community public art making project, and various uses of the completed tapestry project. Though my study is particular to Oklahoma, it posits guidance to arts administrators, artists, and community members undertaking collaborative community art projects. The Tapestry Project models offers experience in strategies for raising interest in and awareness of public art in rural communities.
Embracing Difference: Two Case Studies of Western Painting Style Embroidery in China
Jiawei Jiang, Fu Jen Catholic University, TaiwanYun Lin, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taiwan
This study explores how traditional Chinese embroidery representing the special texture of western paintings through changes in stitch, color and manuscript through case analysis. Chinese embroidery is one of the most important traditional arts and crafts, which developed through thousands of years’ profound culture. It was originally focusing on representing Ink Art painting and was named “painting embroidery (畫繡)”, which is one kind of ornamental embroidery. With the traditional ornamental embroidery declining, embroidery artists began to absorb the characteristics of western paintings, especially emphasizing on the colour combination. In the past, the pattern suitable for embroidery was limited to traditional Chinese paintings. Nowadays, it seems that all kinds of paintings can be referred to. In order to represent these paintings, the selection of stitch, color and manuscript must be changed.
This research emphasizing on two embroidery techniques, namely, the “Emulational embroidery” created by Shou Shen and the “random stitch embroidery” created by Shouyu Yang. By using case study, this research expects to understand the innovation of Chinese embroidery techniques. It is found that “random stitch embroidery” is the stacking of embroidery threads by using the density, layer, length and interweaving of needles and threads, showing the changes of light and shadow to reflect the sense of space in western painting. “Emulational embroidery” stitch imitates the sketch strokes and adopts the method of virtual and real needles for embroidery, paying more attention to the changes of light and shadow in the picture in color.
Whose Festival? Ritual Reconstruction and the Shaping of “Sense of Place”: The Mazu Meets the Mary
Xiaochun Chen, National Taiwan University of Arts, TaiwanOn October 20, 2018, in Wanluan Township, Pingtung, Taiwan. A religious activity named "When the Holy Mother (Mazu) From the East Meets the Virgin (Mary) From the West - Let Love Fly" was co-organized by the Centennial Catholic Church of Wanjin and the Taoist Zongtian Temple of Taiwan. This was the first formal meeting between the two religions across time and culture in the past millennium. However, although this was a historic moment for Taiwan as well as world religions, it is also rather controversial.
This study takes the activity as a case study through field investigation of the Wanjin Catholic community, including interviewing both the leaders and reviewing or analyzing related articles, online videos, and news reports. This paper introduces the two religions’ background, the religious negotiation and preparatory work before the event, the ritual on the day of the event, the discussion of different opinions, while critically reflecting on this differentiated interreligious activity in terms of the collision and integration of ritual reconstruction and the shaping of "sense of place". The paper attempts to answer the following questions: (1) What are the difficulties and opportunities for the two different religions to co-organize the "Let Love Fly" activity? (2) What are the similarities and differences between Virgin and Holy Mother in this festival? How are differences settled in the festival? (3) whose festival is this activity? Why is this interreligious activity possible in Taiwan and what could we learn from Taiwan's experience as a diverse multi-religious community?
The Effect of Smell in the Representation of Family in Post-war Japanese Films
Yui Hayakawa, University of Tsukuba, JapanThis study aims to examine the effect of smell in the representation of family in Japanese films of the 1950s and 60s. Previous Japanese film studies have concentrated on analyzing vision and sound instead of smell because the sense of smell has been thought to be too subjective. This paper explores the importance of smell in Japanese films of the 1950s and 60s. There has been studies on the effect of smell in fiction. In these studies including studies of Proust’s Remembrance of Things Past (1913-1927), smell has often been associated with memory. This paper focuses on presentiment and intimacy linked to smell. By referring to Chantal Jaquet’s Philosophie de l’odorat (2010), I analyze post-war Japanese films which represent family relationships such as Yasujiro Ozu’s Early Spring (1956), Mikio Naruse’s A Woman’s place (1962), and Keisuke Kinoshita’s Times of Joy and Sorrow (1957). When these films depict some presentiments, whether it is comfortable or not, the sense of smell hints at the future which hasn’t arrived yet and is coming soon. Furthermore, the link between smell and intimacy is found in these films. For example, there are scenes in which characters share the same smell which imply their intimate relationship. Therefore, although it may be true that the sense of smell is less objective than the visual sense and auditory sense, it represents the psychological and temporal proximity beyond time and space. The sense of smell plays a very important role in the representation of family in Japanese films.
Study on Communication Design Education Establishing Project-based Advertising Competition
Ching-Jung Fang, Ming Chuan University, TaiwanDesign competitions are often thought as a tool for creating new trends and ideas, so they are widely used in various countries around the world to find good ideas. Participating in the design competition has become an evaluation index for critical teaching achievements of colleges and universities in Taiwan. A lot of design competitions have been included into the design curriculum. In the past ten years, students have achieved outstanding performances in the thematic advertising design competition, which has been recognised by academic fields. However, when students demonstrate excellent designing skills, does it really mean that the training involved in the design competition has the values and fit the goals of design education? And do the students really have good results in design education? These questions are worthy of further study. This project invites industry experts and academic advertising design scholars to understand the value and goals of designing educational talents. The results of the study can be used as a reference for future curriculum design.
Animalist Visions: Frida Kahlo’s Monkeys and Nanao Sakaki’s Salmons
Yaxkin Melchy Ramos, University of Tsukuba, JapanAs Australian scholar Deborah Bird Rose has pointed out, facing ecological thinking, the human-animal boundary has become a site of extreme contestation (2012). In this presentation, I will explore some visions connected with animals, proposed by the Mexican painter Frida Kahlo (1907-1954) and the Japanese poet Nanao Sakaki (1923-2008). These animalist visions of subjectivity can be used within an ecopoetical approach to explore alternative identities and histories of becoming human with other creatures. To illustrate this point I’ll analyze Frida Kahlo's self-portrait paintings “Self-portrait with a little monkey” and “The wounded deer”, and Nanao Sakaki's poem “Bikki Salmon”. I'll explore what these artists have ecopoetically in common: a vision of identity in togetherness with animals that challenges the ontological separation created by Western humanism. Frida Kahlo’s self-portraits suggest the aboriginal idea of nahual, common in Mexico´s countryside, while Nanao Sakaki´s poem gets inspiration from salmons in the Ainu culture of Hokkaidō. This study aims to show some ways in which arts contribute to cosmopolitical thinking by proposing profound and complementary visions towards creatures.
From Self Portraits to Geminoid Androids – Identity and Difference in Robotic Doppelgängers
Fabrizia Abbate, University of Molise, ItalyThe real and the virtual maintain ambiguous relations in the contemporary context of artificial intelligence. From the social phenomenon of Self-representation in digital identities to the robotic phenomenon of Replication of human beings, cultural models of identity are going to quickly change: "difference" will play a primary role at the heart of identity. The focus of this paper will be on the link between self portraits in art, the doppelgänger in literature and robotic process automation in Geminoid androids. A geminoid robot appears and behaves just like its source person. How important is it to overcome the discomfort of an uncanny resemblance? Is similarity in robotics going to be the access key to the source of the Self? Because of their resemblance to people, androids have the potential to contribute to an understanding of human behavior and the roles our brains and bodies play in it. Is it true that "certain questions about human beings can only be answered by employing androids experimentally", as robotic engineers write? Our studies will try to answer these new questions.
A Soft Museum of Hardware Use: Testimonies From the Early Experience of Digital Devices as Historical, Pedagogical and Narrative Assets
Heitor Alvelos, University of Porto, PortugalDaniel Brandão, Universidade do Minho, Portugal
Abhishek Chatterjee, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
This research addresses the validation of narrative legacies of a first generation of digital and online media users upon its mass adoption in the 1980s and 1990s. As a complement to ongoing processes of technological obsolescence, whereby arcane digital media devices become potential museum objects or trending novelties, we vouch for the testimonies of early adopters: a transition from analogue to digital-driven routines and competences was often symptomatic of semantic and subjective expectations, of cognitive, expressive, playful and mimetic processes. Often performed intuitively on relatively user-unfriendly hardware and software, early adoption of digital devices signalled a transition beyond the purely tangible or functional: it provided users with a felt need and desire for a paradigm shift that was yet to fully reveal itself, yet itself felt vaguely utopian. The paradigm of digital access and experience was still far from its current, seamless ubiquity - it often demanded personal effort and investment. However, this past experience is often regarded as an exercise in nostalgia, a mere path towards the ever-growing sophistication of current media devices; it is this tacit assumption that the current research questions, by bearing testimony to a singular historical moment of transition from analogue to digital environments - with all the challenges this entailed. The ongoing research is performed via semi-structured, recorded interviews with early adopters. The interviews are recorded, and the contained narration provides the primary source material for extrapolation, pattern recognition and storytelling. The outcomes are intended to serve historical, broadcasting, pedagogical and philosophical contexts.
Embracing Difference: Case Study of Boa in Japanese-Korean Pop Music Album Cover Design
Kai Hsu Sun, Fu Jen Catholic University, TaiwanYun Lin, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taiwan
BoA is a Korean musician who has a high reputation as an art performer in Asia, especially Japan and Korea from 2000 to 2019. She was the very first Korean entertainer that has launched the amount of a million records in Japan with her album “LISTEN TO MY HEART” in 2003. During her career, she reveals the cross-cultural possibilities of art performance, and won the“Most Influential Artist Award” and “Favorite Artist Korea”. This research is focused on the art and graphic design of BoA album cover released in Japan and Korea. Also, look into design aspects and the cultural difference of Pop Music in East Asia. Case study will be used in this article as the formation of research methodology for analysis in various design elements and emphasis on colour and visual style. According to the result of aggregation and discussion, the colour tone is mostly harmony in Japan. In contrary, the colour chosen in Korea is instead a contrast combination. It is important to indicate the diversity of intercultural design perspective when we are facing into a generation of globalization as a designer.
The Micro Motion of Ambient Surrounding – An Exploration of Techno-biophilic Design
Tzu-Yao Yang, National Chiao Tung University, TaiwanJune-Hao Hou, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan
Biophilia hypothesis was devised by Edward O. Wilson(1984), being based on evolutionary psychology, which suggests that "people have the innate tendency to focus on life and lifelike processes". So far, the development of the theory has been invested in many different fields, which proves that it is helpful for human physical and mental health. It has also attracted attention in the field of architecture and interior. The mainstream is the planning and configuration of "actual natural" such as the introduction of natural light, vegetation walls, and plant decorations. In recent years, facing the development of information technology and the Internet of Things, people have become inseparable from their digital lives. It seems push you and me farther away from the nature. Excessive Internet dependence and addiction have caused people to become detached from the real environment and cause mental illness. However, can Biophilia return to our lives through digital technology? Sue Thomas (2015) devised a concept of "Technobiophilia", which is "the innate tendency to focus on life and lifelike processes as they appear in technology". This study is based on the above review to sum up that the development of digital technology can be a resistance or a help while facing the biophilia, and the key point is how it coexists and awakens the importance of people's perception of the ambient environment. And based on the research, this study explores the distance and relationship between nature and people through projected images.
Energy’s Proleptic Promises: Locating Infrastructure and the Future Anterior in Yamashita and Lerner
Reuben Martens, KU Leuven, BelgiumPieter Vermeulen, KU Leuven, Belgium
This paper draws on recent developments in the energy humanities to argue for a more multifaceted account of the temporality of infrastructure (beyond the dyad of continuity and apocalypse) and for the vital role of literature in making an anti-apocalyptic temporality apprehensible. The argument consists of two steps. First, by interrogating our physical/emotional reliance on (energy’s) infrastructure, this paper intends to excavate a revitalised understanding of the promises & failures of infrastructure, which can help the field of literary studies move beyond its fascination with apocalyptical thinking. In a second move, the paper will show how contemporary American fiction has begun to model such a mode of physical and emotional attachment to a sustainable and durable infrastructure that just might survive the current Anthropocene emergency. The case studies are Yamashita’s "Tropic of Orange" and Lerner's "10:04”; two novels that are deeply engaged with infrastructure, energy, and the urgency to resist apocalyptic thinking. The focus will shift to the use of prolepsis, which serves to imagine a future that is not an intensification or denial of the present, but that is strangely continuous with what is worth preserving in the present.
Digital Literacy as a Factor for Sustainable Society
Valentina Milenkova, South-West University, BulgariaDilyana Keranova, South-West University, Bulgaria
Dobrinka Peicheva, South-West University, Bulgaria
Digital literacy should be seen as directly related to the strengthening of information and communication technology. The integration of information and communication technologies into education at all levels and in all areas of training requires the development of skills and competencies related to the knowledge and use of digital media. The present paper explores digital literacy representing different aspects of the person who is responsible for how technology is used. The analysis argues that digital literacy contributes to the development of social sustainability and personal skills. Digital literacy included both basic skills needed to use the Internet and the skills required for understanding and creating online content. The research project “Digital Media Literacy in the context of "Knowledge Society": state and challenges” carried out in 2019 with team leader V. Milenkova, used the self-assessment method to measure digital skills and applied to 232 young people (18-40 years) randomly selected. The most frequently used indicators in measuring digital literacy include skills for finding information, communicating, creating content, critical thinking, etc. The results obtained revealed that young people use the Internet anywhere and feel confident in creating different digital content and on-line products. They are aware of the new dangers of emerging hybrid media wars and see the role of the digital media literacy in this direction. The paper reveals that digital literacy is a sign of sustainable knowledge society, which includes media, technology and communications, and their impact on the social environment.
Going Gaga: Lady Gaga and the Celebrification of Resilience
Kirsty Fairclough, University of Salford, United KingdomIn January 2020, singer and actress Lady Gaga held a highly publicised interview with Oprah Winfrey as part of Oprah’s wellness tour presented by WW (Weight Watchers reimagined) entitiled 2020: Your Life in Focus in front of an audience of 15,000. Here she discussed in detail the PTSD, physical and mental traumas she has suffered as a result of her being repeatedly raped as a young woman. The interview was raw and candid detailing her use of anti-psychotic drugs as a way to cope with her chronic illness. Celebrities involvement in mental health activism is nothing new and in recent years, the use of celebrities, to promote awareness of the global mental health crisis has increased and the number of celebrities speaking out about mental health issues appears to have been normalised to some extent. This paper will consider the ways in which specific aspects of celebrity culture may be used to improve the resilience of individuals around the world and invite consideration of the ways in which we contextualise and process the stigma around the contemporary mental health crisis, perhaps even allowing individuals to imagine themselves in a positive way through the lens of celebrity. Lady Gaga’s devotion to her fan base is so pronounced that the connection with her fans has taken on the form of a whole range activist causes, one of which is to campaign to remove the societal stigma of mental health illness and medication for trauma as the interview details. It will explore the ways in which Lady Gaga has become a figurehead for the mental health awareness movement and will interrogate the ways in which the prism of celebrity might offer more diverse ways to intervene on a range of global platforms.
Panethnic Moments: Mestizaje and the Philippines in Discourses of Hygiene and Disease
Everet Smith, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, United StatesGloria Anzaldúa’s mestiza consciousness refers to a new consciousness defined by ambiguity and an attentiveness to difference; mestiza consciousness’s refusal to let go of difference is what sets it apart from earlier theories such as Jose Vasconcelos’s La Raza Cosmica. My essay explores the linkages between Asian identity and the Latin American concept of mestizaje through the lens of public hygiene in colonial discourse, particularly within leper colonies established in the Philippines at Culion in the early 1900s. Through these historical examples of racialization via public hygiene ordinances, I locate Filipino identity in a liminal space both in between and within Asian and Latin American identity. By examining the linkages between hygiene, coloniality, and race, I investigate how Filipino identity operates separately as an Asian identity, and a Latin American identity, while simultaneously existing independently and as a composite of these two identities. Put simply, I argue in this essay that Filipino identity’s position between and within multiple racial identities brings it into alignment with Anzaldúa’s conception of mestiza consciousness. I expand on this idea by analyzing Anzaldúa’s Borderlands and her development of the new mestiza consciousness––which finds its foundations in a special attention to difference––in conjunction with a literary analysis of Filipina expatriate Jessica Hagedorn’s 1990 novel Dogeaters. By reading Anzaldúa’s theory alongside Hagedorn’s seminal work on Filipino culture, identity, and history, my hope is to illustrate how it is that the suspension of Filipino identity between the worlds of Asia and Latin America has a generative panethnic potential.
Error Analysis: The Main Writing Errors of EFL Learners Task 2 IELTs Academic Essay
Leveth Jackson, Keiai University, JapanThis study sought to examine and analyze the frequency of writing errors and determine the causes behind such errors made by first time test takers of the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) academic writing essay-Task 2. The four criteria specified for the IELTS Writing Band Scores (British Council, 2019) were taken into consideration. A corpus of Japanese adult learners academic writing Task 2 essays in an Intensive Writing Course were carefully examined to determine the main writing errors following the procedure for Error Analysis proposed by Corder (1967). The research adopted an analytical descriptive approach. The findings revealed that verb tense, article errors, spelling and subject-verb agreement were the most common writing errors made by learners. With regards to cohesion, coherence and lexical resource, poor progression in paragraphs, parts of the essay being incomprehensible, vague topic sentences, poor use of transition signals and incorrect use of target lexical items were the most common categories of errors. According to the results it is revealed that male learners made more written errors in comparison to female learners. Based on the findings of the most common recurring errors, recommendations and suggestions that are of significant importance to educators, EFL learners and policymakers were presented in detail.
A Cognitive Linguistics Application for Second Language Grammar Pedagogy
Vanessa Pang, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong KongDue to the complexity of the English tense-aspect system, tense and aspect constitute a major source of error for EFL learners. A Cognitive Linguistics (CL)-based approach could potentially help learners develop a more meaningful understanding of grammatical constructions due to its focus on conceptual meaning. In this quasi-experimental study, 60 participants were from three S.4 intact classes at a secondary school in Hong Kong. The three classes were randomly assigned to one of these conditions: cognitive and task-supported, task-supported, and control. The three groups took a pretest, an immediate post-test and a delayed post-test. This study aims to investigate the pedagogical effectiveness of applying CL analysis of English tense and aspect to L2 instruction and integrating CL-inspired explicit instruction into task-supported instruction on the L2 development of the English tense-aspect system as measured by both controlled and free production tasks. The findings of analysis of variance procedures and t-test (p <.0001) indicate that participants from the cognitive and task-supported group outperformed the participants from the task-supported group and the control group and demonstrated a more flexible use of past and progressive morphology. This study paves the way towards a rethinking of grammar instruction in favour of the CL-based approach.
Applying Teaching Strategies for Design Students’ Learning Effectiveness on Blended Learning
Shu-Yin Yu, Ming-Chuan University, TaiwanFlipped teaching has been going on for a long time in various ages and academic fields, and the learning effectiveness have been affirmed. This project is based on the flipping teaching strategy of design education to improve students' performances. The concept of this study is based on design education is no longer learn the overall skills, but the actual needs to enter the practical workplace. Design students learn about their own lack of knowledge and ability by self-learning and problem-based learning, and the role of the teacher is transformed into a supporter to assist for the professional knowledge, problem solutions, and design skills required by the student at each stage of the program's execution. With this purpose, we integrated the blended learning model on in-class learning (professional knowledge and skills) and in-field learning (workplace practical experiences) to enhance students’ problem-solved learning and team-based learning. In the study, students with different learning styles were examined their learning readiness and learning engagement to investigate the achievement motivation and learning effectiveness on design teaching. SPSS statistical analysis was used to inspect the learning readiness and learning engagement of students with different learning styles, and whether there is a significant relationship between achievement motivation and learning effectiveness. Through the students' learning performance and implementation experiences, we will conduct the direction of future implementation of practical design education.
Recreating Discourse Community in Academic Writing Instruction for Law Undergraduates
Suman Luhach, Bennett University, IndiaAcademic writing is highly important for law undergraduates. Project reports, essay writing on current socio-legal affairs and research paper writing comprise requisites in academia for law learners. The discourse community of the students in an academic writing classroom is typically passive as the teacher is expected to provide feedback to students on their writing during tutorials. This leads to the creation of only one feedback centre, restriction of the scope for varied perceptions and formation of multiple small discourses where the teacher is the central point of reference in every discourse. Consequentially, students fail to grow as self/peer-critiques in the ongoing discourse. The present paper has its focus on disruption of traditional pedagogy and recreation of peer-to-peer learning ‘Paragogy’. Various instructional scaffolds have been provided to ensure creation of zone of proximal development for students. Consecutive sampling technique has been used as all available subjects are taken into consideration. The paper attempts to see how law students involved in essay writing tasks given on university Learning Management System behave as a discourse community and get benefited through peer feedback and enhance their knowledge of the genre of essay writing, its subject matter and rhetoric involved. For this, classroom and online interaction transcripts have been analysed. The results of the discourse analysis of students’ interaction transcripts support recreation of a constructive, bigger discourse community in academic writing instruction.
Keeping Hume’s Guillotine: The Validity & Deontic Irrelevance of ‘is’-‘ought’ Inferences
Melvin Chen, Nanyang Technological University, SingaporeEver since its formulation in Hume’s (1739) A Treatise of Human Nature, philosophers have had to contend with the idea of an inferential barrier between non-ethical (‘is’) propositions and ethical (‘ought’) propositions. Much of my work focuses on providing a more logically rigorous characterization of the is-ought thesis, describing Prior’s Paradox in terms of a dilemma and its two horns, and identifying the implications of this paradox for the is-ought thesis. An evaluation of various formal defenses to Prior’s Paradox on behalf of Hume will be made. In addition, I will also introduce the term ‘deontic irrelevance’ to describe Prior-style ‘is’-‘ought’ inferences, draw connections between these formal defenses and other informal defenses of Hume’s inferential barrier, and attempt to shed more light on the nature of ethical argumentation and its uses in general.
Transformational School Leaders Support Teachers to Foster Student Grit
Wei Zhang, Western Michigan University, United StatesTetyana Koshmanova, Western Michigan University, United States
Grit has drawn increasing intention in the field of educational research. As a crucial noncognitive indicator, grit has been used to understand individual success and performance in various fields. The past empirical research has shown inconsistent findings on the relationship between grit and academic achievement. The purpose of the study is aimed to explore how transformational school leaders support teachers to foster student grit through discovering what transformational school leaders' practices inspire teachers' practices in the classroom to the students. The semi-structural interview was conducted in the phenomenology study, and two school principals and eight teachers participated in the study. The researcher analyzed interview data guided by three theories of Dahlgren & Fallsberg's seven steps, cultural-historical activity theory, and the critical ecology framework. The Nvivo 12 program was utilized to code and to analyze the interview data. The study found that grit was a significant indicator of school improvement led by transformational school leaders' belief of core values such as hope, passion, excellence, resilience, and coherence. The study also found that grit fully or partially mediated the relationship between self-efficacy and school outcome and influenced among school leaders, teachers, and students. The significant finding was the strongest correlation between noncognitive factors and school leaders' belief and teachers' practices of grit, self-efficacy, mindset, and motivation. Results suggested that school leaders would promote grit as one of the school core indicators for school development; and suggested that the mindset needed to implement in the curriculum practice. Future researches would be recommended.
“The Human Condition” in Samuel Beckett’s Waiting for Godot
Michiko Tsushima, University of Tsuskuba, JapanIn his essay about two brother-painters, the van Velde brothers, Samuel Beckett presents a view that both of them share a profound interest in "the human condition" which precedes their interest in painting. This view is related to Beckett’s own conception of art. He himself was interested in "the human condition" in his creation of art. Beckett experienced the devastating situation in the Second World War. Through his work (e.g., Waiting for Godot, Endgame, and Happy Days) he explored the condition of those who survive in the world in its extremity. This paper sheds light on “the human condition” depicted in Waiting for Godot and examines how it is linked to the question of human finitude. In this play two tramps, abandoned in a vast ruinous space, wait for the arrival of someone named Godot. A distinctive characteristic of this play is that "the human condition" is revealed in the act of waiting. Here the act of waiting means last ounce of belief in the world where they live. In this sense, "the human condition" appears as "the link between man and the world" (Deleuze). The "human condition" disclosed in this act of waiting involves human finitude. By analyzing specific scenes, the paper discusses the link between “the human condition” and finitude in this play in light of Steven Connor’s observation on Beckett’s "radical finitude". Connor describes it as "this in-between condition – never at home in the world, but unable to be anywhere else than in the world".
Pictograms and Japanese Construal in Cognitive Linguistics
Yoshihito Sasaki, University of Tsukuba, JapanRecent scholarship in cognitive linguistics reveals that Japanese speakers prefer subjective construal, while English speakers prefer objective construal. Japanese speakers conceptualize a scene subjectively, where the speaker involved is submerged in it. English speakers tend to represent events objectively from the perspective of a bystander or observer outside the scene. This paper calls this paradigm into question.
For example, for the forthcoming 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games in Tokyo, Japan’s Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry announced in 2017 that they revised the standardized set of Japanese pictograms. The revision, however, is not a simple modification, but arguably reflects something larger: a shift in construal. Previous pictograms represented the object of the action alone with no subject, while new pictograms include the subject of the action. This means a shift in focus from an object/thing to a subject/person, addressing who makes an action and what kind of action.
Old pictograms that lack the subjects of action reflect the exemplary characteristics of Japanese construal, that is, subjective construal. Japanese speakers typically place themselves within the scene to be construed; in many cases it is not necessary to express the self-evident or obvious subjects of action. New pictograms, by contrast, are geared toward objective construal. The subjects of action are visibly embedded in the scene, in which the (heretofore invisible) subject becomes the object of expression and observation. By analyzing the modification of pictograms, this paper seeks to reconsider the characteristics of the Japanese way of construing scenes and events.
Representation of Spirituality in Elizabeth Gilbert’s (2006) Eat Pray Love and its Reception in a Chinese Context
Elaine Y. L. Ng, Wenzhou Kean University, ChinaElizabeth Gilbert’s (2006) memoir Eat, Pray, Love depicts her journey of self-discovery following a difficult divorce. Her travels consist of three phrases – (1) pleasure-seeking in Italy, (2) finding spirituality in India, and (3) maintaining a balance between the two in Bali. The author’s truth-seeking journey has resonated with a huge readership worldwide. The research aims to study the rendition of spirituality and its reception in China since the work was first translated by He Pei Hua and published in Taiwan in 2007, and later brought to China in 2008 and reprinted by two different publishers since then. The study encompasses textual analysis and extra-textual investigation. The textual part studies the rendition of spirituality as expressed in mental clauses containing the verbs “meditate and think” and speech and thought presentation in the pray part of the book. It explores how the author represents mindfulness and meditation, and how these terms are rendered into Chinese. For the extra-textual exploration, it focuses on collecting information about the translation and the translation process, its reception and impact on readers as well as situational factors concerning the publishers, the translator’s biography, and others that shape its production. Specifically, it investigates the reception of the Chinese versions through the study of readers’ reviews and comments on the translated texts posted online. The underlying objective of the research is to explore the translation of Gilbert’s (2006) Eat Pray Love in a Chinese context and how the work is shaped by an intricate web of inter-relations.
A “Misunderstanding” of the Tang Architecture: Interior Arrangements of Shinden-style Residences and Their Chinese Sources
Yi Zhou, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, ChinaThe booming economy of China in recent years and its rising cultural awareness forged a popular opinion that “if one wants to see what a Chinese Tang structure looks like he should go to Japan.” This oversimplified opinion was partly because Japanese architecture was intensively influenced by Chinese architectural culture during the Nara and Early Heian period and Japan preserved the earliest examples of timber structures in the world, it was also out of a nationalist’s nostalgia for the heyday of Chinese culture. With such an opinion in mind, all differences between Chinese and Japanese early architectures were ignored.
This paper develops a comparative analysis of the interior of a Tang aristocrat’s house and a Heian aristocrat’s shinden-style house. By examining individual pieces of furniture, interior partitions, doors and lattice windows, as well as the way they were arranged in the two houses, this paper reveals how the imported Chinese interior objects and devices were reinterpreted, used, and reorganized to accommodate the indigenous Japanese way of dwelling. For Japanese historians who are more aware of the process of Japanization, this paper provides detailed descriptions of the Chinese interior through readings of texts, paintings, murals, and stone reliefs reflecting timber structures. In the end, I argue that the change in sitting positions during the late Tang from floor-sitting to chair-sitting, in comparison to Japanese’ persistent floor-sitting habit, played a key role in shaping the differences in Chinese and Japanese interior of dwelling spaces from the eighth to the twelfth century.
“Visual Colonization”: A Discussion on “Visual Expression” in Geling Yan’s Novels
Jia Xin Liu, Jinan University, ChinaYuan Hsun Chuang, China University Technology, Taiwan
Visual culture has increasingly shifted into a dominant culture in contemporary society. More and more visual factors appear in non-visual arts and affect their creation methods, which results in “visual colonization” (Wei, 2009). As a non-visual art, literature is also influenced. This paper illustrates the film adaptation of literary works as a way of “visual colonization”, challenges the techniques of literary creation, and aims to make literary creation market-oriented. In order to satisfy the needs of audience, the visual rules of film art such as the visual thinking and film-making have restrained the literary creation. Particularly, some writers emphasize fostering the technique of visual expression and the use of lens-based narrative strategy. This paper explores four of Geling Yan’s novels, Xiu Xiu: The Sent-down Girl (1996), The Flowers of War (2007), Little Aunt Crane (2008) and The Ninth Widow (2008) to demonstrate the visual narration in her creation. It is concluded that Geling Yan uses the technique of “visual expression” and the montage narrative model in her novels to transcend the boundaries of textual spaces, which is in accordance with the screen aesthetics and wins the favor of adaptation by the film makers.
The Japanese Community in Wartime Nanjing
Norihito Mizuno, Akita International University, JapanThis presentation focuses on the life of Japanese community and residents in Nanjing during the Sino-Japanese Conflict (1937-1945). The formation of the Japanese community in Nanjing can be traced back to the very end of the nineteenth century or the beginning of the twentieth century, but it had remained overshadowed by the larger neighboring Japanese communities in Shanghai and Hankou before the Sino-Japanese Conflict (1937-1945) started. A completely different story awaited the Japanese community after the outbreak of the war in the summer of 1937. The popular view is that the Japanese seizure of the capital city of the Republic of China in December 1937 led to the so-called "Rape of Nanking", which devastated the city. Another fact is, on the other hand, that the Japanese military occupation brought about the abrupt and large-scale influx of Japanese settlers into the city. By scrutinizing the local edition of the Japanese newspaper publish, Asahi Shimbun, published in wartime Central China, this presentation attempts to describe the wartime life of Japanese residents in Nanjing which previous studies had paid quite little attention to.
Illustration Can Be Seen as One Kind of Translation: Case Studies of Alice’s Adventure in Wonderland Picture Books
Peiying Wu, Fu Jen Catholic University, TaiwanThrough analyzing different versions of Alice in Wonderland picture books, this paper reveals that illustration can be seen as one kind of translations. The aims of a decent translation are to reach three levels: functional – to express meanings understood as original text; cultural – to show enhanced or hidden implications under different context; and critical – to demonstrate intellectual correspondence in readings. Illustration accomplishes all these three.
Furthermore, in Translation and Interpreting Studies, there is a difficulty in choosing dynamic equivalence or formal correspondence translation when one transforms a language into another. By using visual technics and theories from illustration, such as visualization (text into image), visual semiotics, visual perception and color theory, it not only come cross these two problems, but also achieve three levels of a good translation – functional, cultural and critical.