Title: Implementation Challenges of Low Emission Public Transport Policy in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Stream: Humanities - Science, Environment and the Humanities
Presentation Type: Oral Presentation
Authors:
Bayarmagnai Jambaldorj, University of Tsukuba, Japan
Kenichi Matsui, University of Tsukuba, Japan
Abstract:
As the transport sector produces 15% of GHG emissions globally, developing countries are expected to the world for mitigation efforts and adopt lower GHG emission technologies in the transport sector. However, despite the level of willingness for adoption, these countries have encountered a number of difficulties in transforming their transport sector into a sustainable one. This transformation challenge has been increasingly observed in the sprawling city of Ulaanbaatar where traffic jam and air pollution have become a new norm despite a series of attempts to encourage residents to use public transport. This paper aims to understand why Mongolian policies for low GHG emission public transport in Ulaanbaatar city have failed so far. In doing so, it attempts to identify determining factors that posed major policy implementation challenges. For this purpose, we used Avoid-Shift-Improve (A-S-I) approaches to identify relevant national and local government policies. We then identified four major policy actions for low-emission public transport in Ulaanbaatar city: (1) to introduce electric buses; (2) to build a bus rapid transit (BRT) system; (3) to build a light rail transit (LRT) system; and (4) to build an urban cable car system. We found that even though these public transit systems had been successfully implemented in other countries, Ulaanbaatar city has not implemented most of these actions. We identified that this implementation problem was largely attributed to a lack of adequate financial resource planning and management, poor land acquisition practices, low technical capacity, and unstable political support.
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